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Gwen DSL

tip

Use the DSL to compose StepDefs in your meta.

DSL Reference

All Gherkin steps that match the DSL expressions described here are readily executable by Gwen. The DSL matched is the operation that will be performed at execution time.

Bindings

Text bindings

<name> is "<value>"

Binds the given value to a name in the global scope.

Where

  • <name> is the name to bind the value to
  • <value> is the value to bind (can be in DocString position)

Example

  Given my name is "Gwen"
<name> is <blank|empty|true|false>

Binds a literal value to a name in the global scope.

Where

  • <name> is the name to bind the literal value to

Example

  Given my name is blank

File bindings

<name> is defined by file "<filepath>"

Associates a name with the contents of a file. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name to associated the file contents
  • <filepath> the path to the file (can be in DocString position)

Optionally accepts the @Eager or @Lazy annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either annotation, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced

Example

  Given the content is defined by file "path/to/file.txt"
<name> is defined by <encoding> file "<filepath>"

Associates a name with the contents of a file using a given character encoding. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name to associated the file contents
  • <encoding> is the encoding to use when reading the file
  • <filepath> the path to the file (can be in DocString position)

Optionally accepts the @Eager or @Lazy annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either annotation, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced

Example

  Given the content is defined by UTF-8 file "path/to/file.txt"

Regex bindings

<name> is defined in <textRef> by regex "<expression>"

Captures text from a text reference using the given regex expression and associates it with the given name. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name of the name to associate the captured value to
  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the source text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <expression> is the regex selector expression

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Example

  Given the date is "2021-09-22"
And the year is defined in the date by regex "(\d{4})"
Then the year should be "2021"

XML bindings

<name> is defined by the <nodeType> in <xmlRef> by xpath "<expression>"

Captures content from a referenced XML value using the given XPath expression and associates it with the given name. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name of the name to associate the captured value to
  • <nodeType> is one of:

    • text to capture the text node
    • node to capture a single node
    • nodeset to capture multiple nodes
  • <xmlRef> is the name of the binding containing the XML source

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to XML text, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <expression> is the XPath selector expression

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Example

  Given the xml is "<result><status>passed</status></result>"
And status is defined by the text in the xml by xpath "//result/status"
Then the status should be "passed"

JSON bindings

<name> is defined in <jsonRef> by json path "<expression>"

Captures content from a referenced JSON value using the given JSON path expression and associates it with the given name. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name of the name to associate the captured value to
  • <nodeType> is one of:

    • text to capture the text node
    • node to capture a single node
    • nodeset to capture multiple nodes
  • <sourceRef> is the name of the binding containing the XML source

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to XML text, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <expression> is the XPath selector expression

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Example

  Given the json is "{ "status": "passed" }"
And the status is defined in the json by json path "$.status"
Then the status should be "passed"
I capture the content in <element> by json path "<expression>" as <name>

Captures JSON content from a web element using the given JSON Path expression and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element containing the JSON content
  • <expression> is the JSON selector expression
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured value to

Example

  # assuming a web element contains json: { "status": "passed" }
Given the json web element can be located by id "json"
When I capture the content in the json web element by json path "$.status" as the status
Then the status should be "passed"

JS bindings

<name> is defined by <javascript|js> "<script>"

Associates a name with the return value of a JavaScript expression or function.

Where

  • <name> is the name to associate
  • <javascript|js> is javascript (or js since v2.46.0)
  • <script> is the javascript expression or function that will return the value (can be in DocString position)

      • For a one liner expression, no function, arrow declaration or return prefix is required
      • For a function, use either:

        • Arrow syntax (preferred): (arg1, arg2, ..argN) => { body } (Since v3.56.0)
        • Or anonymous function syntax (legacy): (function(arg1, arg2, ..argN){ body })(arguments[0], arguments[1], ..arguments[N])

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Examples

  Given iso date is defined by js "new Date().toISOString().substring(0, 10)"
Then iso date should match regex "^\d{4}-([0]\d|1[0-2])-([0-2]\d|3[01])$"
<name> is defined by <javascriptRef> applied to "<argument>"

Applies a JavaScript function to an argument and binds the result to <name> in the global scope.

Where

  • <name> is the name to bind the function result to
  • <javascriptRef> is the name of the binding containing the javascript function to apply
  • <argument> argument to apply the function

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Examples

  Given iso date is defined by js "new Date().toISOString().substring(0, 10)"
And toDMY is defined by js
"""
(ymd) => {
var parts = ymd.split('-');
return parts[2] + '/' + parts[1] + '/' + parts[0];
}
"""
And dmy date is defined by toDMY applied to "${iso date}"
Then dmy date should match regex "^([0-2]\d|3[01])/([0]\d|1[0-2])/\d{4}$"
  Given toMDY is defined by js
"""
(ymd) => {
var months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'];
var parts = ymd.split('-');
return months[parseInt(parts[1]) - 1] + ' ' + parts[2] + ' ' + parts[0];
}
"""
And dmy date is defined by toMDY applied to "2022-04-05"
Then dmy date should be "Apr 05 2022"
<name> is defined by <javascriptRef> applied to "<arguments>" delimited by "<delimiter>"

Applies a JavaScript function to mutiple arguments using a customer delimiter and binds the result to <name> in the global scope.

Where

  • <name> is the name to bind the function result to
  • <javascriptRef> is the name of the binding containing the javascript function to apply
  • <arguments> a delimited list of arguments to apply the function to
  • <delimiter> is the delmiter used in <arguments>

    • The 1st agrument is referenced in the JavaScript as arguments[0], the 2nd argument as arguments[1], the 3rd as arguments[2] and so on.

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Examples

  Given iso date is defined by js "new Date().toISOString().substring(0, 10)"
And toDMY is defined by js "(y,m,d) => d + '/' + m + '/' + y"
And dmy date is defined by toDMY applied to "${iso date}" delimited by "-"
Then dmy date should match regex "^([0-2]\d|3[01])/([0]\d|1[0-2])/\d{4}$"
  Given toISO is defined by js
"""
(m,d,y) => {
var months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'];
var mNo = months.indexOf(m) + 1;
if (mNo < 10) mNo = '0' + mNo;
return y + '-' + mNo + '-' + d;
}
"""
And iso date is defined by toISO applied to "Apr 05 2022" delimited by " "
Then iso date should be "2022-04-05"

System Processes bindings

<name> is defined by system process "<expression>"

Associates a name with the return value of a local system process. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name to associated the returned value to
  • <expression> is the system process that will return the value to assign (can be in DocString position)

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Example

  Given my hostname is defined by system process "hostname"
Then my hostname should not be ""
<name> is defined by system process "<expression>" delimited by "<delimiters>"

Associates a name with the return value of a delimited local system process. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name to associated the returned value to
  • <expression> is the system process that will return the value to assign (can be in DocString position)

    • Delmiters are required for special cases such as when unbalanced quoted strings are passed as arguments (see example).
  • <delmiters> is a regex pattern defining the delimiter(s) used in <expression>

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Example

  Given my message is defined by system process "echo,"quoted text " and orphan quote"" delimited by ","
Then my message should be ""quoted text " and orphan quote""
<name> is defined by unix system process "<expression>"

Associates a name with the return value of a local unix system process. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name to associated the returned value to
  • <expression> is the unix system process that will return the value to assign (can be in DocString position)

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Example

Given a file.csv with content:

Word1,Word2,Compound
basket,ball,basketball
sun,flower,sunflower

The following will print the data and line up each column

  Given my table is defined by unix system process "cat file.csv | column -t -s\,"
Then my table should be
"""
Word1 Word2 Compound
basket ball basketball
sun flower sunflower
"""

Element locators

<element> can be located by <selector> "<expression>"

Binds a selector for a web element to the current scope with a default lookup timeout that can be overridden with the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <element> is the web element name
  • <selector> is the selector type, one of:

    • id for selecting by id attribute
    • name for selecting by name attribute
    • tag name (or tag since v2.46.0) for selecting by tag name
    • css selector (or css since v2.46.0) for selecting by css expression
    • class name (or class since v2.46.0) for selecting by class attribute
    • xpath for selecting by XPath
    • link text for selecting by link text
    • partial link text for selecting by partial link text
    • javascript (or js since v2.46.0) for selecting by JavaScript
  • <expression> is the selector expression

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I enter "Walk the dog" in the todo field

With explicit timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('10s') the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I enter "Walk the dog" in the todo field

Without any timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('0s') the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I enter "Walk the dog" in the todo field
<element> can be located by <selector> "<expression>" at index <index>

Binds an indexed selector for a web element to the current scope with a default lookup timeout that can be overridden with the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <element> is the web element name
  • <selector> is the selector type, one of:

    • id for selecting by id attribute
    • name for selecting by name attribute
    • tag name (or tag since v2.46.0) for selecting by tag name
    • css selector (or css since v2.46.0) for selecting by css expression
    • class name (or class since v2.46.0) for selecting by class attribute
    • xpath for selecting by XPath
    • link text for selecting by link text
    • partial link text for selecting by partial link text
    • javascript (or js since v2.46.0) for selecting by JavaScript
  • <expression> is the selector expression
  • <index> is the index of the element to select in list returned by <expression>

Example

  Given the first item can be located by css ".todo-list label" at index 0
Then the first item should contain "Walk the dog"

With explicit timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('12s') the first item can be located by css ".todo-list label" at index 0
Then the first item should contain "Walk the dog"

Without any timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('0s') the first item can be located by css ".todo-list label" at index 0
Then the first item should contain "Walk the dog"
<element> can be located by <selector> "<expression>" at index <index> in <otherElement>

Binds an indexed selector for a web element (contained in another) to the current scope with a default lookup timeout that can be overridden with the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <element> is the web element name
  • <selector> is the selector type, one of:

    • id for selecting by id attribute
    • name for selecting by name attribute
    • tag name (or tag since v2.46.0) for selecting by tag name
    • css selector (or css since v2.46.0) for selecting by css expression
    • class name (or class since v2.46.0) for selecting by class attribute
    • xpath for selecting by XPath
    • link text for selecting by link text
    • partial link text for selecting by partial link text
    • javascript (or js since v2.46.0) for selecting by JavaScript
  • <expression> is the selector expression
  • <index> is the index of the element to select in list returned by <expression>
  • <otherElement> is the name of the web element that this one is relative to

Example

  Given the count info can be located by class "todo-count"
And the count unit can be located by tag "span" at index 1 in the count info
Then the count unit should contain "item"

With explicit timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('20s') the count info can be located by class "todo-count"
And @Timeout('10s') the count unit can be located by tag "span" at index 1 in the count info
Then the count unit should contain "item"

Without any timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('0s') the count info can be located by class "todo-count"
And @Timeout('0s') the count unit can be located by tag "span" at index 1 in the count info
Then the count unit should contain "item"
<element> can be located by
| selector | expression |
| <selector 1> | <expression 1> |
| <selector 2> | <expression 2> |
| .. | .. |
| <selector n> | <expression n> |

Binds primary and fallback selectors for a web element to the current scope with a default lookup timeout that can be overridden with the @Timeout annotation. Lookups will be attempted in the order specified until one succeeds.

Where

  • <element> is the web element name
  • <selector n> is the nth selector type, one of:

    • id for selecting by id attribute
    • name for selecting by name attribute
    • tag name (or tag since v2.46.0) for selecting by tag name
    • css selector (or css since v2.46.0) for selecting by css expression
    • class name (or class since v2.46.0) for selecting by class attribute
    • xpath for selecting by XPath
    • link text for selecting by link text
    • partial link text for selecting by partial link text
    • javascript (or js since v2.46.0) for selecting by JavaScript
  • <expression n> is the nth selector expression

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by
| selector | expression |
| name | todo-field |
| css | .todo input |
| class | new-todo |
When I type "Feed the cat" in the todo field

With explicit timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('8s') the todo field can be located by
| selector | expression |
| name | todo-field |
| css | .todo input |
| class | new-todo |
When I type "Feed the cat" in the todo field

Without any timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('0s') the todo field can be located by
| selector | expression |
| name | todo-field |
| css | .todo input |
| class | new-todo |
When I type "Feed the cat" in the todo field
<element> can be located at index <index> by
| selector | expression |
| <selector 1> | <expression 1> |
| <selector 2> | <expression 2> |
| .. | .. |
| <selector n> | <expression n> |

Binds indexed primary and fallback selectors for a web element to the current scope with a default lookup timeout that can be overridden with the @Timeout annotation. Lookups will be attempted in the order specified until one succeeds.

Where

  • <element> is the web element name
  • <selector n> is the nth selector type, one of:

    • id for selecting by id attribute
    • name for selecting by name attribute
    • tag name (or tag since v2.46.0) for selecting by tag name
    • css selector (or css since v2.46.0) for selecting by css expression
    • class name (or class since v2.46.0) for selecting by class attribute
    • xpath for selecting by XPath
    • link text for selecting by link text
    • partial link text for selecting by partial link text
    • javascript (or js since v2.46.0) for selecting by JavaScript
  • <expression n> is the nth selector expression
  • <index> is the index of the element to select in list returned by <expression n>

Example

  Given the second item can be located at index 1 by
| selector | expression |
| name | todo-label |
| class | todo-label |
| css | .todo-list label |
Then the second item should contain "Feed the cat"

With explicit timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('9s') the second item can be located at index 1 by
| selector | expression |
| name | todo-label |
| class | todo-label |
| css | .todo-list label |
Then the second item should contain "Feed the cat"

Without any timeout since v3.73.0

  Given @Timeout('0s') the second item can be located at index 1 by
| selector | expression |
| name | todo-label |
| class | todo-label |
| css | .todo-list label |
Then the second item should contain "Feed the cat"
Relative Locators
<element> can be located by <selector> "<expression>" <relativeTo> <otherElement>

Binds a selector for a web element (relative to another) to the current scope with a default lookup timeout that can be overridden with the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <element> is the web element name
  • <selector> is the selector type, one of:

    • id for selecting by id attribute
    • name for selecting by name attribute
    • tag name (or tag since v2.46.0) for selecting by tag name
    • css selector (or css since v2.46.0) for selecting by css expression
    • class name (or class since v2.46.0) for selecting by class attribute
    • xpath for selecting by XPath
    • link text for selecting by link text
    • partial link text for selecting by partial link text
    • javascript (or js since v2.46.0) for selecting by JavaScript
  • <expression> is the selector expression
  • <relativeTo> is one of

    • in to select element contained in <otherElement>
    • Or since v3.0.0

      • above to select element above <otherElement>
      • below to select element below <otherElement>
      • to left of to select element to the left of <otherElement>
      • to right of to select element to the right of <otherElement>
      • near to select element near <otherElement>
      • near and within <noOfPixels> pixel[s] of to select element near and within a given number of pixels of <otherElement>

        • Where <noOfPixels> is a postive integer denoting a number of pixels (max proximity to <otherElement>)
  • <otherElement> is the name of the web element that this one is relative to

Example

  Given the button can be located by tag "button"
And the left field can be located by css "input" to left of the button
When I navigate to "https://chercher.tech/practice/relative-locators"
And I type "I am left of the button" in the left field
Then the left field should contain "I am left of the button"

Settings overrides

my <name> setting is "<value>"

Overrides a Gwen setting.

Where

  • <name> is name of the setting to override
  • <value> is the value to set

Notes

  • Or as of v2.21.0, this DSL stores all values as thread local settings (instead of system properties).

    • This supports different settings for different features in the case of parallel execution.
    • Settings loaded from properties files and system properties at startup time are not replaced, but can be overridden with values set here.
    • Setting arbitrary system properties (that is: non Gwen settings that do not start with gwen.) is not supported.
  • Prior to v2.21.0, this DSL stored all values as JVM-global system properties and caution was advised because race conditions could occur if multiple features changed the same system property.

Example

  Given my gwen.web.useragent setting is "I am robot"
I reset my <name> setting

Resets a Gwen setting to remove a previous override.

Where

  • <setting> is name of the setting to reset

Example

  Given I reset my gwen.web.useragent setting

Capture

Text capture

I capture <textRef> as <name>

Captures the referenced text and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the source text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured value to

Example

  Given the username is "Gwen"
When I capture the username as my username
Then my username should be the username
I capture <element>

Captures the text value of an element and binds it to the element name in the global scode.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to capture the text of

Example

  Given the heading can be located by tag "h1"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I capture the heading
I capture <element> as <name>

Captures the text value of an element and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to capture the text of
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured text to

Example

  Given the heading can be located by tag "h1"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I capture the heading as my heading
I capture <name> <of|on|in> <element> by <javascript|js> "<script>"

Executes a JavaScript expression or function on an element and binds the result to the given name.

Where

  • <name> is the name to bind the javascript return value to
  • <of|on|in> is of, on or in
  • <element> is the name of the element to execute the javascript on
  • <javascript|js> is javascript (or js, since v2.46.0)
  • <script> is the javascript expression or function that will return the value (can be in DocString position)

    • The reference to the element will be provided to the javascript through an implicit object named element.
    • For a one liner expression, no function, arrow declaration or return prefix is required
    • For a function, use either:

      • Arrow syntax (preferred): () => { body } (Since v3.56.0)
      • Or anonymous function syntax (legacy): (function(){ body })()

Example

  Given the red checkbox can be located by id "red"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I click the red checkbox
And I capture my favorite color in the red checkbox by js
"""
() => {
var color = element.value
if (!element.checked) color = "Blue"
return color;
}
"""
Then my favorite color should be "Red"

Regex capture

I capture the text in <textRef> by regex "<expression>" as <name>

Captures the referenced text using the given regex expression and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the source text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <expression> is the regex selector expression
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured value to

Example

  Given the date is "2021-09-22"
When I capture the text in the date by regex "(\d{4})" as the year
Then the year should be "2021"
I capture the text in <element> by regex "<expression>" as <name>

Captures text content from a web element using the given regex expression and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to capture text from
  • <expression> is the regex selector expression
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured value to

Example

  # assuming a web element contains date: 2021-09-22
Given the date field can be located by class "date"
When I capture the text in the date field by regex "(\d{4})" as the year
Then the year should be "2021"

XPath capture

I capture the <nodeType> in <xmlRef> by xpath "<expression>" as <name>

Captures XML content from a referenced XML string using the given XPath expression and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <nodeType> is one of:

    • text to capture the text node
    • node to capture a single node
    • nodeset to capture multiple nodes
  • <xmlRef> is the name of the binding containing the XML text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an XML text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <expression> is the XPath selector expression
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured value to

Example

  Given the xml is "<result><status>passed</status></result>"
When I capture the text in the xml by xpath "//result/status" as the status
Then the status should be "passed"
I capture the <nodeType> in <element> by xpath "<expression>" as <name>

Captures XML content from a web element using the given XPath expression and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <nodeType> is one of:

    • text to capture the text node
    • node to capture a single node
    • nodeset to capture multiple nodes
  • <element> is the name of the element containing the XML content
  • <expression> is the XPath selector expression
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured value to

Example

  # assuming a web element contains xml: <result><status>passed</status></result>
Given the xml web element can be located by id "xml"
When I capture the text in the xml web element by xpath "//result/status" as the status
Then the status should be "passed"

JSON capture

I capture the content in <jsonRef> by json path "<expression>" as <name>

Captures JSON content from a referenced JSON string using the given JSON Path expression and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <jsonRef> is the name of the binding containing the source JSON source

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a JSON text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <expression> is the JSON selector expression
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured value to

Example

  Given the json is "{ "status": "passed" }"
When I capture the content in the json by json path "$.status" as the status
Then the status should be "passed"

Similarity capture

I capture the similarity score of <textRef> compared to "<text>" as <name>

Compares a text reference with a text value for similarity using the DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient) algorithm and binds the calculated score to name in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing a text reference

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <text> is the text to compare <textRef> against
  • <name> is the name to bind the calculated score to

Example

  Given the phrase is "Hello world!"
When I capture the similarity score of the phrase compared to "Hello world" as similarity score 1
And I capture the similarity score of the phrase compared to "hello world" as similarity score 2
And @IgnoreCase I capture the similarity score of the phrase compared to "hello world" as similarity score 3
Then similarity score 1 should be "0.9411764705882353"
And similarity score 2 should be "0.8235294117647058"
And similarity score 3 should be "0.9411764705882353"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
I capture the similarity score of <textRef1> compared to <textRef2> as <name>

Compares a text reference with another for similarity using the DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient) algorithm and binds the calculated score to name in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef1> is the name of the binding containing a text reference

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <textRef2> is the name of the binding containing the second text reference to compare <textRef1> against

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <name> is the name to bind the calculated score to

Example

  Given phrase 1 is "Hello world!"
And phrase 2 is "hello world"
When I capture the similarity score of phrase 1 compared to phrase 2 as similarity score 1
And @IgnoreCase I capture the similarity score of phrase 1 compared to phrase 2 as similarity score 2
Then similarity score 1 should be "0.8235294117647058"
And similarity score 2 should be "0.9411764705882353"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
I capture the similarity score of <textRef> compared to "<text>"

Compares a text reference with a text value for similarity using the DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient) algorithm and binds the calculated score to the similarity score attribute in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing a text reference

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <text> is the text to compare <textRef> against

Example

  Given the phrase is "Hello world!"
When I capture the similarity score of the phrase compared to "Hello world"
Then similarity score should be "0.9411764705882353"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
I capture the similarity score of <textRef1> compared to <textRef2>

Compares a text reference with another for similarity using the DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient) algorithm and binds the calculated score to the similarity score attribute in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef1> is the name of the binding containing a text reference

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <textRef2> is the name of the binding containing the second text reference to compare <textRef1> against

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.

Example

  Given phrase 1 is "Hello world!"
And phrase 2 is "hello world"
When I capture the similarity score of phrase 1 compared to phrase 2
Then similarity score should be "0.8235294117647058"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing

PDF capture

I capture the PDF text from the current URL

Captures the text in a PDF document from the current URL in the browser and binds it to the PDF text variable in the global scope.

Example

  Given the pdf url is "https://example.com/file.pdf"
When I navigate to "${the pdf url}"
And I capture the PDF text from the current URL
Then the PDF text should contain "Some expected text"
I capture the PDF text from the current URL as <name>

Captures the text in a PDF document from the current URL in the browser and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <name> is the name in the global scope to bind the captured PDF text to

Example

  Given the pdf url is "https://example.com/file.pdf"
When I navigate to "${the pdf url}"
And I capture the PDF text from the current URL as content
Then content should contain "Some expected text"
I capture the PDF text from url "<url>"

Captures the text in a PDF document from a given URL location and binds it to the PDF text variable in the global scope.

Where

  • <url> is the web URL of the PDF document to capture the text of

Example

   When I capture the PDF text from url "https://example.com/file.pdf"
Then the PDF text should contain "Some expected text"
I capture the PDF text from url "<url>" as <name>

Captures the text in a PDF document from a given URL location and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <url> is the web URL of the PDF document to capture the text of
  • <name> is the name in the global scope to bind the captured PDF text to

Example

   When I capture the PDF text from url "https://example.com/file.pdf" as content
Then content should contain "Some expected text"
I capture the PDF text from file "<filepath>"

Captures the text in a PDF document from a local file and binds it to the PDF text variable in the global scope.

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the local PDF document file to capture the text of

Example

   When I capture the PDF text from file "/path/to/file.pdf"
Then the PDF text should contain "Some expected text"
I capture the PDF text from file "<filepath>" as <name>

Captures the text in a PDF document from a local file and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the local PDF document file to capture the text of
  • <name> is the name in the global scope to bind the captured PDF text to

Example

   When I capture the PDF text from file "/path/to/file.pdf" as content
Then content should contain "Some expected text"

Base64 capture

I base64 decode <textRef>

Base64 decodes the text reference and binds the result to the same name in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to decode

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.

Example

  Given the data is "c29tZSBiaW5hcnkgZGF0YQ=="
When I base64 decode the data
Then the data should be "some binary data"
I base64 decode <textRef> as <name>

Base64 decodes the text reference and binds the result to the give name in the global scope.

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to decode

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <name> is the name to bind the decoded value to

Example

  Given the encoded data is "c29tZSBiaW5hcnkgZGF0YQ=="
When I base64 decode the encoded data as the decoded data
Then the decoded data should be "some binary data"
I base64 decode <element>

Base64 decodes the text in the given element and binds the result to the same name in the global scope.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element containing the text to decode

Example

  Given the data can be located by class "encoded-data"
When I base64 decode the data
Then the data should be "some binary data"
I base64 decode <element> as <name>

Base64 decodes the text in the given element and binds the result to the give name in the global scope.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element containing the text to decode
  • <name> is the name to bind the decoded value to

Example

  Given the encoded data field can be located by class "encoded-data"
When I base64 decode the encoded data as the decoded data
Then the decoded data should be "some binary data"

URL capture

I capture the current URL

Captures the current browser URL and binds it as the current URL in the global scope.

Example

  When I capture the current URL
And I navigate to "${the current URL}?q=gwen"
I capture the current URL as <name>

Captures the current browser URL and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <name> is the name to bind the captured URL to

Example

  When I capture the current URL as the base URL
And I navigate to "${the base URL}?q=gwen"
Then the current URL should start with the base URL
I capture the text in the current URL by regex "<expression>" as <name>

Extracts a substring from the current browser URL using the given regex and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <expression> is the regex expression
  • <name> is the name to bind the captured substring to

Example

  When I capture the text in the current URL by regex "q=([^&]*)" as q
Then q should be "gwen"
I capture <dropdown> <text|value>

Captures the selected text or value of a dropdown element and binds it to the element name in the global scode.

Where

  • <dropdown> is the name of the dropdown element to capture the text or value of
  • <dropdown> is one of:

    • text to captured the displayed text of the selection
    • value to captured the option value of the selection

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I capture the age dropdown text
I capture <dropdown> <text|value> as <name>

Captures the selected text or value of a dropdown element and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <dropdown> is the name of the dropdown element to capture the text or value of
  • <dropdown> is one of:

    • text to captured the displayed text of the selection
    • value to captured the option value of the selection

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I capture the age dropdown text my age

Screenshot capture

I capture the current screenshot

Captures the current screenshot and attaches it to the Gwen report.

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter "Walk the dog" in the todo field
And I capture the current screenshot
I capture the current screenshot as <name>

Captures the current screenshot, attaches it to the Gwen report, and binds the filepath of the saved image to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <name> the name to bind the captured image filepath to

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter "Walk the dog" in the todo field
And I capture the current screenshot as the screenshot image
Then the screenshot image should contain "path/to/image.png"

Element capture

I capture element screenshot of <element>

Captures the screenshot of a web element and attaches it to the Gwen report.

Where

  • <element> the name of the web element to capture the screenshot of

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I type "Walk the dog" in the todo field
And I capture element screenshot of the todo field
I capture element screenshot of <element> as <name>

Captures the screenshot of a web element, attaches it to the Gwen report, and binds the filepath of the saved image to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <element> the name of the web element to capture the screenshot of
  • <name> the name to bind the captured image filepath to

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I type "Walk the dog" in the todo field
And I capture element screenshot of the todo field as my element screenshot

Data lookups

I lookup <name> in the "<filepath>" file where "<predicate>"

Looks up a named data value in a CSV or JSON file based on a predicate function and binds its value to the same name in the global scope.

Where

  • <name>the name of the data to look up the value of and the name to bind it to
  • <filepath> the path to the CSV or JSON file to look up
  • <predicate> is the javascript predicate expression that will return true when a match is found for a record or false otherwise (can be in DocString position) Data fields can be referenced in the predicate using either:

    • ${data.record.NAME} (since v3.47.0)
    • ${csv.record.NAME} for CSV data or ${json.record.NAME} for JSON data (for prior versions)

The data value contained in the first record that satisifes the given predicate will be bound to the global scope. Otherwise if no records match, then no value will be bound.

Examples

CSV Lookup

Given the CSV file: lookup/StateCodes.csv

Code,Name
ACT,Australian Capital Territory
NSW,New South Wales
NT,Northern Territory
QLD,Queensland
SA,South Australia
TAS,Tasmania
VIC,Victoria
WA,Western Australia

The following will bind "Western Australia" in the last record to Name in the global scope

  When I lookup Name in the "lookup/StateCodes.csv" file where "'${data.record.Code}' == 'WA'"
Then Name should be "Western Australia"
JSON Lookup

Since v3.47.0

Given the JSON file: lookup/StateCodes.json

[
{ "Code": "ACT", "Name": "Australian Capital Territory" },
{ "Code": "NSW", "Name": "New South Wales" },
{ "Code": "NT", "Name": "Northern Territory" },
{ "Code": "QLD", "Name": "Queensland" },
{ "Code": "SA", "Name": "South Australia" },
{ "Code": "TAS", "Name": "Tasmania" },
{ "Code": "VIC", "Name": "Victoria" },
{ "Code": "WA", "Name": "Western Australia" }
]

The following will bind "Western Australia" in the last record to Name in the global scope

  When I lookup Name in the "lookup/StateCodes.json" file where "'${data.record.Code}' == 'WA'"
Then Name should be "Western Australia"
I lookup <name> in <filepathRef file> where "<predicate>"

Looks up a named data value in a referenced CSV or JSON file based on a predicate function and binds its value to the same name in the global scope.

Where

  • <name>the name of the data to look up the value of and the name to bind it to
  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the CSV or JSON file to look up
  • <predicate> is the javascript predicate expression that will return true when a match is found for a record or false otherwise (can be in DocString position) Data fields can be referenced in the predicate using either:

    • ${data.record.NAME} (since v3.47.0)
    • ${csv.record.NAME} for CSV data or ${json.record.NAME} for JSON data (for prior versions)

The data value contained in the first record that satisifes the given predicate will be bound to the global scope. Otherwise if no records match, then no value will be bound.

Examples

CSV Lookup

Given the CSV file: lookup/StateCodes.csv

Code,Name
ACT,Australian Capital Territory
NSW,New South Wales
NT,Northern Territory
QLD,Queensland
SA,South Australia
TAS,Tasmania
VIC,Victoria
WA,Western Australia

The following will bind "QLD" in the 4th record to Code in the global scope

  Given mapping file is "lookup/StateCodes.csv"
When I lookup Code in mapping file where "'${data.record.Name}' == 'Queensland'"
Then Code should be "QLD"
JSON Lookup

Since v3.47.0

Given the JSON file: lookup/StateCodes.json

[
{ "Code": "ACT", "Name": "Australian Capital Territory" },
{ "Code": "NSW", "Name": "New South Wales" },
{ "Code": "NT", "Name": "Northern Territory" },
{ "Code": "QLD", "Name": "Queensland" },
{ "Code": "SA", "Name": "South Australia" },
{ "Code": "TAS", "Name": "Tasmania" },
{ "Code": "VIC", "Name": "Victoria" },
{ "Code": "WA", "Name": "Western Australia" }
]

The following will bind "QLD" in the 4th record to Code in the global scope

  Given mapping file is "lookup/StateCodes.json"
When I lookup Code in mapping file where "'${data.record.Name}' == 'Queensland'"
Then Code should be "QLD"
I lookup <dataName> in the "<filepath>" file as <name> where "<predicate>"

Looks up a named data value in a CSV or JSON file based on a predicate function and binds its value to a given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <dataName> the name of the data to look up the value of
  • <filepath> the path to the CSV or JSON file to look up
  • <name> the name to bind the looked up value to in the global scope
  • <predicate> is the javascript predicate expression that will return true when a match is found for a record or false otherwise (can be in DocString position) Data fields can be referenced in the predicate using either:

    • ${data.record.NAME} (since v3.47.0)
    • ${csv.record.NAME} for CSV data or ${json.record.NAME} for JSON data (for prior versions)

The data value contained in the first record that satisifes the given predicate will be bound to the global scope. Otherwise if no records match, then no value will be bound.

Examples

CSV Lookup

Given the CSV file: lookup/StateCodes.csv

Code,Name
ACT,Australian Capital Territory
NSW,New South Wales
NT,Northern Territory
QLD,Queensland
SA,South Australia
TAS,Tasmania
VIC,Victoria
WA,Western Australia

The following will bind "New South Wales" in the 2nd record to state name in the global scope

  When I lookup Name in the "lookup/StateCodes.csv" file as state name where "'${data.record.Code}' == 'NSW'"
Then state name should be "New South Wales"
JSON Lookup

Since v3.47.0

Given the JSON file: lookup/StateCodes.json

[
{ "Code": "ACT", "Name": "Australian Capital Territory" },
{ "Code": "NSW", "Name": "New South Wales" },
{ "Code": "NT", "Name": "Northern Territory" },
{ "Code": "QLD", "Name": "Queensland" },
{ "Code": "SA", "Name": "South Australia" },
{ "Code": "TAS", "Name": "Tasmania" },
{ "Code": "VIC", "Name": "Victoria" },
{ "Code": "WA", "Name": "Western Australia" }
]

The following will bind "New South Wales" in the 2nd record to state name in the global scope

  When I lookup Name in the "lookup/StateCodes.json" file as state name where "'${data.record.Code}' == 'NSW'"
Then state name should be "New South Wales"
I lookup <dataName> in <filepathRef file> as <name> where "<predicate>"

Looks up a named column value in a referenced CSV or JSON file based on a predicate function and binds its value to a given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <dataName> the name of the data in the CSV or JSON file to look up the value of
  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the CSV or JSON file to look up
  • <name> the name to bind the looked up value to in the global scope
  • <predicate> is the javascript predicate expression that will return true when a match is found for a record or false otherwise (can be in DocString position) Data fields can be referenced in the predicate using either:

    • ${data.record.NAME} (since v3.47.0)
    • ${csv.record.NAME} for CSV data or ${json.record.NAME} for JSON data (for prior versions)

The data value contained in the first record that satisifes the given predicate will be bound to the global scope. Otherwise if no records match, then no value will be bound.

Examples

CSV Lookup

Given the CSV file: lookup/StateCodes.csv

Code,Name
ACT,Australian Capital Territory
NSW,New South Wales
NT,Northern Territory
QLD,Queensland
SA,South Australia
TAS,Tasmania
VIC,Victoria
WA,Western Australia

The following will bind "VIC" in the 7th record to state code in the global scope

  Given mapping file is "lookup/StateCodes.csv"
When I lookup Code in mapping file as state code where "'${data.record.Name}' == 'Victoria'"
Then state code should be "VIC"
JSON Lookup

Since v3.47.0

Given the JSON file: lookup/StateCodes.json

[
{ "Code": "ACT", "Name": "Australian Capital Territory" },
{ "Code": "NSW", "Name": "New South Wales" },
{ "Code": "NT", "Name": "Northern Territory" },
{ "Code": "QLD", "Name": "Queensland" },
{ "Code": "SA", "Name": "South Australia" },
{ "Code": "TAS", "Name": "Tasmania" },
{ "Code": "VIC", "Name": "Victoria" },
{ "Code": "WA", "Name": "Western Australia" }
]

The following will bind "VIC" in the 7th record to state code in the global scope

  Given mapping file is "lookup/StateCodes.json"
When I lookup Code in mapping file as state code where "'${data.record.Name}' == 'Victoria'"
Then state code should be "VIC"

Actions

Page actions

I navigate to "<url>"

Navigates the browser to the given URL. Starts a new browser window if one is not open.

Where

  • <url> is the URL to navigate to (can be in DocString position)

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
I refresh the current page

Refreshes the current page in the browser.

Example

  When I refresh the current page

Element actions

I <click|right click|double click> <element>

Clicks a web element.

Where

  • <click|right click|double click> is one of:

    • click to click the element
    • right click to right click the element, since v2.8.0
    • double click to double click the element, since v2.12.0
  • <element> is the name of the element to click

Example

  Given the start button can be located by name "commit"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/start"
And I click the start button
I <click|right click|double click> <element> of <context>

Clicks a context sensitive web element.

Where

  • <click|right click|double click> is one of:

    • click to click the element
    • right click to right click the element, since v2.8.0
    • double click to double click the element, since v2.12.0
  • <element> is the name of the element to click
  • <context> is the context element to focus into (in order to click <element>)

Example

  Given the menu item can be located by id "menu-item-id"
And the action button can be located by id "action-button-id"
When I click the action button of the menu item
I <modifierKeys> <click|right click|double click> <element>

Holds down the specified modifier keys and clicks an element.

Where

  • <modifierKeys> is a + separated list of modifier keys to hold down during the click

    • Modifier keys can be single keyboard characters or any supported key constants
    • Node: Keys behave differently on different platforms
  • <click|right click|double click> is one of:

    • click to click the element
    • right click to right click the element
    • double click to double click the element, since v2.12.0
  • <element> is the name of the element to click

Example

  Given the button can be located by tag "button"
And I COMMAND+SHIFT click the button
I <check|uncheck|tick|untick> <checkbox>

Ticks or unticks a checkbox element.

Where

  • <check|uncheck|tick|untick> is one of:

    • check (or tick since v2.4.0) to tick the checkbox element
    • uncheck (or untick since v2.4.0) to untick the checkbox element
  • <checkbox> is the name of the checkbox element

Example

  Given the email checkbox can be located by id "checkbox1"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I tick the email checkbox
I move to <element>

Moves to a web element and gives it the focus.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to move to

Example

  Given the surname field can be located by id "surname"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I move to the surname field
I <enter|type> "<text>" in <element>

Enters or types text into a web element.

Where

  • <enter|type> is one of:

    • enter to send the text to the field followed by the enter key
    • type to send the text to the field only (without trailing enter key)
  • <text> is the text to send to the field
  • <element> is the name of the field to send the text to

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter "Walk the dog" in the todo field
I <enter|type> <textRef> in <element>

Enters or types a text reference value into a web element.

Where

  • <enter|type> is one of:

    • enter to send the text to the field followed by the enter key
    • type to send the text to the field only (without trailing enter key)
  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to send to the field

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <element> is the name of the field to send the text to

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
And my item is "Walk the dog"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter my item in the todo field
I append "<text>" to <element>

Appends the given text to the current text value of an element.

Where

  • <text> is the text to append
  • <element> is name of the element to append the text to

Example

  Given the search field can be located by name "q"
When I navigate to "https://google.com"
And I type "Gwen" in the search field
And I append " automation" to the search field
I append <textRef> to <element>

Appends the given referenced text to the current text value of an element.

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to append to the element

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <element> is name of the element to append the text to

Example

  Given the search field can be located by name "q"
And my additional search term is " automation"
When I navigate to "https://google.com"
And I type "Gwen" in the search field
And I append my additional search term to the search field
I press <enter|tab> in <element>

Send the enter or tab key to a web element.

Where

  • <enter|tab> is one of:

    • enter to send the enter key
    • tab to send the tab key
  • <element> is the name of the element to send the key to

Example

  Given the surname field can be located by id "surname"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I press tab in the surname field
I send "<keys>" to <element>

Sends a sequence of keys to an element (for emulating keyboard shortcuts).

Where

  • <keys> is a , or + (since v2.53.0) separated list of keys to send.

    • Keys can be single keyboard characters or any supported key constants
    • Note: Keys behave differently on different platforms
  • <element> is the name of the element to send the keys to

Example

  Given the search field can be located by name "q"
When I navigate to "https://google.com"
And I type "automation" in the search field
And I send "COMMAND+A" to the search field
And I send "COMMAND+C" to the search field
And I clear the search field
And I send "COMMAND+V" to the search field
And I send "ARROW_DOWN" to the search field
And I press enter in the search field
I insert a new line in <textarea>

Inserts a new line into a textarea element.

Where

  • <textarea> is the name of the textarea element to insert the new line into

Example

  Given the more field can be located by tag "textarea"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I type "Hi," in the more field
And I insert a new line in the more field
And I type "I like Gwen." in the more field
And I insert a new line in the more field
And I type "Bye!" in the more field
Then the more field should contain
"""
Hi,
I like Gwen.
Bye!
"""
I clear <element>

Clears a text element.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to clear

Example

  Given the surname field can be located by id "surname"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I clear the surname field
I <select|deselect> the <position><st|nd|rd|th> option in <dropdown>

Selects an option in a dropdown by position.

Where

  • <select|deselect> is one of:

    • select to select the option
    • deselect to deselect the option, since v2.13.0

      • Note: Deselect will only work for multi-select dropdowns.
  • <position> is the position number of the option(1 for first position)
  • <st|nd|rd|th> is one of:

    • st if the position number ends in 1
    • nd if the position number ends in 2
    • rd if the position number ends in 3
    • th if the position number is greater than 3
  • <dropdown> is the name of the dropdown element

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I select the 2nd option in the age dropdown
I <select|deselect> "<option>" in <dropdown>

Selects an option in a dropdown by displayed text.

Where

  • <select|deselect> is one of:

    • select to select the option
    • deselect to deselect the option, since v2.13.0

      • Note: Deselect will only work for multi-select dropdowns.
  • <option> is the displayed option text
  • <dropdown> is the name of the dropdown element

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I select "18" in the age dropdown
I <select|deselect> <optionRef> in <dropdown>

Selects an option in a dropdown by a displayed text reference.

Where

  • <select|deselect> is one of:

    • select to select the option
    • deselect to deselect the option, since v2.13.0

      • Note: Deselect will only work for multi-select dropdowns.
  • <optionRef> is the name of the binding containing the displayed option text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <dropdown> is the name of the dropdown element

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
And my age is "24"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I select my age in the age dropdown
I <select|deselect> "<option>" in <dropdown> by value

Selects an option in a dropdown by hidden value.

Where

  • <select|deselect> is one of:

    • select to select the option
    • deselect to deselect the option, since v2.13.0

      • Note: Deselect will only work for multi-select dropdowns.
  • <option> is the hidden option value
  • <dropdown> is the name of the dropdown element

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I select "21" in the age dropdown by value
I <select|deselect> <optionRef> in <dropdown> by value

Selects an option in a dropdown by hidden value reference.

Where

  • <select|deselect> is one of:

    • select to select the option
    • deselect to deselect the option, since v2.13.0

      • Note: Deselect will only work for multi-select dropdowns.
  • <optionRef> is the name of the binding containing the hidden option value

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <dropdown> is the name of the dropdown element

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
And the age is "24"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I deselect the age in the age dropdown

Form actions

I submit <form>

Submits a web form.

Where

  • <form> is the name of the form to submit

Example

  Given the form can be located by name "contactform"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I submit the form

Window and tab actions

I have an open browser

Opens a browser if none are open

Example

  Given I have an open browser
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then I should have 1 open browser
I have no open browser

Closes all open browsers

Example

  Given I have no open browser
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then I should have 1 open browser
I start a new browser

Starts a new browser session (or switches to exising one if it is already open).

Example

 Given I have no open browser
When I start a new browser
Then I should have 1 open browser
I close the[ current] browser

Closes the current browser session (or does nothing if one is not open).

Where

  • [ current] including the word current is optional and makes no difference, since v1.3.0

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I close the current browser
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/vue/"
And I close the browser
I start a browser for <name>

Starts a new browser session with the given name (closes any existing browser of that name first).

Where

  • <name> is a name assigned to the browser session

Example

  When I start a browser for React
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I start a browser for Vue
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/vue/"
Then I should have 2 open browsers
I switch to <name>

Switches to a named browser session (starts a new browser if one of that name is not already open). All browser actions performed after this will execute in the named session.

Where

  • <name> is the name of the browser session to switch to

Example

  When I start a browser for React
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I start a browser for Vue
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/vue/"
And I switch to React
Then the current URL should contain "react"
I close the browser for <name>

Closes a named browser session (does nothing if one of that name is not open).

Where

  • <name> is the name of the browser session to close

Example

  When I start a browser for React
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I close the browser for React
I start a new browser <tab|window>

Starts a new browser tab or window (or starts a new browser session if one is not open).

Where

  • <tab|window> is either tab or window

Example

  When I navigate to "https://google.com"
And I start a new browser tab
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
I switch to <tab|window> <occurrence>

Switches to a previously opened tab or window occurrence.

Where

  • <tab|window> is either tab or window
  • <occurrence> is the tab or window occurrence to switch to (1st opened is occurrence 1, 2nd is 2, ..)

    • Note: the occurrence number of the default tab/window in a new browser session is 0

Example

  When I navigate to "https://google.com"
And I start a new browser tab
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I switch to window 1
Then the page title should contain "Google"
I close <tab|window> <occurrence>

Closes a previously opened tab or window occurrence.

Where

  • <tab|window> is either tab or window
  • <occurrence> is the tab or window occurrence to close to (1st opened is occurrence 1, 2nd is 2, ..)

    • Note: you cannot close the default tab/window opened by starting a new browser session with this DSL. Use I close the[ current] browser instead in that case.

Example

  When I navigate to "https://google.com"
And I start a new browser tab
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I close tab 1
Then the page title should contain "Google"

If used in conjunction with @Try, will switch to the parent window regardless of whether or not a tab or window was closed (since 3.12.4).

I switch to the child <tab|window>

Switches to the most recently opened child tab or window (without closing the parent window)

Where

  • <tab|window> is either tab or window

Example

  Given the new window button can be located by name "newbrowserwindow123"
When I navigate to "https://nxtgenaiacademy.com/multiplewindows/"
And I click the new window button
And I switch to the child window
I close the child <tab|window>

Closes the currently active child tab or window and passes control back to the parent window.

Where

  • <tab|window> is either tab or window

Example

  Given the new tab button can be located by name "newbrowsertab453"
When I navigate to "https://nxtgenaiacademy.com/multiplewindows/"
And I click the new tab button
And I switch to the child tab
And I close the child tab

If used in conjunction with @Try, will switch to the parent window regardless of whether or not a child window was closed (since 3.12.4).

I switch to child <tab|window> <occurrence>

Switches to a child tab or window occurrence (without closing the parent window).

Where

  • <tab|window> is either tab or window
  • <occurrence> is the tab or window occurrence to switch to (1st opened is occurrence 1, 2nd is 2, ..)

Example

  Given the new window button can be located by name "newbrowserwindow123"
When I navigate to "https://nxtgenaiacademy.com/multiplewindows/"
And I click the new window button
And I switch to child window 1
I close child <tab|window> <occurrence>

Closes a child tab or window occurrence and passes control back to the parent window.

Where

  • <tab|window> is either tab or window
  • <occurrence> is the tab or window occurrence to close (1st opened is occurrence 1, 2nd is 2, ..)

Example

  Given the new tab button can be located by name "newbrowsertab453"
When I navigate to "https://nxtgenaiacademy.com/multiplewindows/"
And I click the new tab button
And I switch to child tab 1
And I close child tab 1

If used in conjunction with @Try, will switch to the parent window regardless of whether or not a child window was closed (since 3.12.4).

I switch to the <parent|root> <tab|window>

Switches to the parent window (without closing the currently active child window).

Where

  • <parent|root> is either parent (or root since v2.49.0)
  • <tab|window> is either tab or window

Example

  Given the new window button can be located by name "newbrowserwindow123"
When I navigate to "https://nxtgenaiacademy.com/multiplewindows/"
And I click the new window button
And I switch to child window 1
And I switch to the parent window
I <maximize|maximise> the window

Maximizes the currently active browser window to fill the entire screen area.

Where

  • <maximize|maximise> is either maximize or maximise (makes no difference)

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I maximize the window
I resize the window to width <w> and height <h>

Resizes the currently active browser window to the given dimensions.

Where

  • <w> is the width in pixels
  • <h> is the height in pixels

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I resize the window to width 1280 and height 720
I send "<keys>"

Sends a sequence of keys to the browser (for emulating keyboard shortcuts).

Where

  • <keys> is a , or + (since v2.53.0) separated list of keys to send.

    • Keys can be single keyboard characters or any supported key constants
    • Note: Keys behave differently on different platforms

Example

   When I navigate to "https://google.com"
And I send "COMMAND+t"

Frame actions

I switch to the default content

Switches to either the first frame on the page, or the main document when a page contains iframes.

Example

  When I navigate to "https://page-with-iframes"
And I switch to the default content
I switch to <frame> content

Switches the context to a frame.

Where

  • <frame> is a frame binding name

Example

 Given the frame can be located by id "frame_id"
When I navigate to "https://page-with-iframes"
And I switch to the frame content

Alert and Popup actions

I accept the <alert|confirmation> popup

Accepts and closes an alert or confirmation popup by clicking OK.

Where

  • <alert|confirmation> is either:

    • alert for an alert box with an OK button
    • confirmation for a confirmation box with OK and Cancel buttons

Example

  Given the alert button can be located by css ".btn" at index 0
When I navigate to "https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-demo.html"
And I click the alert button
And I accept the alert popup
I dismiss the confirmation popup

Dismisses and closes a confirmation popup by clicking Cancel.

Example

  Given the confirmation button can be located by css ".btn" at index 1
When I navigate to "https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-demo.html"
And I click the confirmation button
And I dismiss the confirmation popup
I capture the <alert|confirmation> popup message

Captures the alert or confirmation popup message and binds it to the <alert|confirmation> popup message in the global scope.

Where

  • <alert|confirmation> is either:

    • alert for an alert box with an OK button
    • confirmation for a confirmation box with OK and Cancel buttons

Example

  Given the alert button can be located by css ".btn" at index 0
When I navigate to "https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-demo.html"
And I click the alert button
And I capture the alert popup message
I capture the <alert|confirmation> popup message as <name>

Captures the alert or confirmation popup message and binds it to the given name in the global scope.

Where

  • <alert|confirmation> is either:

    • alert for an alert box with an OK button
    • confirmation for a confirmation box with OK and Cancel buttons

Example

  Given the confirmation button can be located by css ".btn" at index 1
When I navigate to "https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-demo.html"
And I click the confirmation button
And I capture the confirmation popup message as the alert message

Scroll actions

I scroll to the <top|bottom> of the page

Scrolls to the top or bottom of the current page.

Where

  • <top|bottom> is one of:

    • top to scroll to the top of the page
    • bottom to scroll to the bottom of the page

Example

  Given I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I scroll to the bottom of the page
I scroll to the <top|bottom> of <element>

Scrolls to the top or bottom of the given element.

Where

  • <top|bottom> is one of:

    • top to scroll to the top of the element
    • bottom to scroll to the bottom of the element
  • <element> the name of the element to scroll to

Example

  Given the surname field can be located by id "surname"
When I navigate to "https://automationintesting.com/selenium/testpage"
And I scroll to the top of the surname field

Drag Drop actions

I drag and drop <sourceElement> to <targetElement>

Drags and drops a source element onto a target element.

Where

  • <sourceElement> is the name of the source element to drag
  • <targetElement> is the name of the target element to drop the <sourceElement> into

Example

  Given the box can be located by xpath "//*[@id='credit2']/a"
And the cell can be located by xpath "//*[@id='bank']/li"
When I navigate to "http://demo.guru99.com/test/drag_drop.html"
And I capture the box as the box text
And I drag and drop the box to the cell
Then the cell should contain "${the box text}"

JS actions

<element> can be <actioned> by <javascript|js> "<script>"

Registers a javascript action on an element. When the action is performed, then the javascript will execute in place of the default behaviour.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to register the action on
  • <actioned> is one of:

    • clicked to perform the action when the element is clicked
    • right clicked to perform the action when the element is right clicked, since v2.8.0
    • double clicked to perform the action when the element is double clicked, since v2.12.0
    • submitted to perform the action when the form element is submitted
    • checked (or ticked since v2.4.0) to perform the action when the checkbox element is ticked
    • unchecked (or unticked since v2.4.0) to perform the action when the checkbox element is unticked
    • selected to perform the action when a dropdown option is selected in the element
    • deselected to perform the action when a mutli-select dropdown option is deselected in the element, since v2.13.0
    • typed to perform the action when text is typed into the element
    • entered to perform the action when text is entered into the element
    • tabbed to perform the action when the tab key is pressed in the element, since v2.17.1
    • cleared to perform the action when the text is cleared in the element
    • moved to to perform the action when the focus is moved to the element
  • <javascript|js> is javascript (or js , since v2.46.0)
  • <script> is the javascript expression or function that will perform the action (can be in DocString position)

    • The reference to the element will be provided to the javascript through an implicit object named element.
    • For a one liner expression, no function, arrow declaration or return prefix is required
    • For a function, use either:

      • Arrow syntax (preferred): () => { body } (Since v3.56.0)
      • Or anonymous function syntax (legacy): (function(){ body })()

Example

  Given the submit button can be located by css ".submit"
And the submit button can be clicked by js "element.click()"
When I click the submit button

Download actions

I download "<url>" to "<filepath>"

Downloads a resource from a URL to a file.

Where

  • <url> is URL to the resource to download
  • <filepath> is the path of the file to download the resource to

Example

   When I download "https://example.com/file.pdf" to "output/download/file.pdf"
I download "<url>" to <filepathRef file>

Downloads a resource from a URL to a referenced file.

Where

  • <url> is URL to the resource to download
  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file to download the resource to

Example

  Given my out file is "output/download/file.pdf"
When I download "https://example.com/file.pdf" to my out file
I download the current URL to "<filepath>"

Downloads the resource at the current URL to a file.

Where

  • <filepath> is the path of the file to download the resource to

Example

   When I navigate to "https://example.com/file.pdf"
And I download the current URL to "output/download/file.pdf"
I download the current URL to <filepathRef file>

Downloads a resource at the current URL to a referenced file.

Where

  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file to download the resource to

Example

  Given my out file is "output/download/file.pdf"
When I navigate to "https://example.com/file.pdf"
And I download the current URL to my out file

File actions

I attach "<filepath>" as "<name>"

or since v3.0.0

I attach "<filepath>" as <name>

Attaches a local file to the Gwen report and assigns it a name. The link to the attachment in the report will have the given name.

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the local file to attach
  • <name> the name to assign to the file attachment

Example

   When I attach "path/to/data.csv" as "data"

Or since v3.0.0

   When I attach "path/to/data.csv" as data
I attach "<filepath>"

Attaches a local file to the Gwen report and assigns it the same name as the file.

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the local file to attach

Example

   When I attach "path/to/data.csv"
I <write|append> "<text>" to "<filepath>" file

Writes or appends text to a file.

Where

  • <write|append> is one of:

    • <write> to overwrite entire content of file with the provided text
    • <append> to append the provided text to existing content in file
  • <text> the text to write or append to the file
  • <filepath> the path to the local file to write or append the text to

Example

   When I write "automation" to "path/to/file.txt" file
I <write|append> <textRef> to "<filepath>" file

Writes or appends a text reference value to a file.

Where

  • <write|append> is one of:

    • <write> to overwrite entire content of file with the provided text
    • <append> to append the provided text to existing content in file
  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to write or append to the file

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <filepath> the path to the local file to write or append the text to

Example

   Given my content is
"""
Automation and robotics
for Gherkin
"""
When I write my content to "path/to/file.txt" file
I <write|append> new line to "<filepath>" file

Writes or appends a new line to a file.

Where

  • <write|append> is one of:

    • <write> to overwrite entire content of file with a new line
    • <append> to append a new line to existing content in file
  • <filepath> the path to the local file to write or append the new line to

Example

   When I append new line to "path/to/file.txt" file
I <write|append> "<text>" to <filepathRef file>

Writes or appends text to a referenced file.

Where

  • <write|append> is one of:

    • <write> to overwrite entire content of file with the provided text
    • <append> to append the provided text to existing content in file
  • <text> the text to write or append to the file
  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file to write or append the provided text to

Example

   Given my file is "path/to/file.txt"
When I append "automation" to my file
I <write|append> <textRef> to <filepathRef file>

Writes or appends a text reference value to a referenced file.

Where

  • <write|append> is one of:

    • <write> to overwrite entire content of file with the provided text
    • <append> to append the provided text to existing content in file
  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to write or append to the file

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file to write or append the provided text to

Example

   Given my file is "path/to/file.txt"
And my content is
"""
Automation and robotics
for Gherkin
"""
When I write my content to my file
I <write|append> new line to <filepathRef file>

Writes or appends a new line to a referenced file.

Where

  • <write|append> is one of:

    • <write> to overwrite entire content of file with a new line
    • <append> to append a new line to existing content in file
  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file to write or append the new line to

Example

   Given my file is "path/to/file.txt"
When I append new line to my file
I log record to <resultsFileId> file

Logs a record to the results file having the given ID (if results is specifed in the format launch option only).

Where

  • <resultsFileId> the ID of the results file to log a record to

Example

   When I log record to my.results file

Sleeps and waits

I wait for <element>

Waits for an element to appear on a page for a default number of seconds before timing out. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to wait for

Example

  # Wait for a dynamically rendered input field 
Given the dynamic input field can be located by tag "input"
When I wait for the dynamic input field
Then the dynamic input field should be displayed
I wait for <element> text

Waits for the text of an element to appear on a page for a default number of seconds before timing out.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to wait for the text to appear

Example

  # Wait for a dynamically displayed token
Given the one time token can be located by javascript "$('.token').get(0)"
When I wait for the one time token text
And I capture the one time token
I wait until <element> is[ not] <state>

Waits for an element to transition to a given state. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to wait for
  • not negates the state if included
  • <state> is one of:

    • displayed to wait until the element is displayed
    • hidden to wait until the element is not displayed
    • checked (or ticked since v2.4.0) to wait until a checkbox is ticked
    • unchecked (or unticked since v2.4.0) to wait until a checkbox is not ticked
    • enabled to wait until the element is enabled
    • disabled to wait until the element is disabled

Example

  Given my todo list can be located by css ".todo-list"
And the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter "Get the milk" in the todo field
And I wait until my todo list is displayed
I wait until "<javascript>"

Repeatedly executes the given javascript expression or function until true is returned using no delay interval and default timeout period. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <javascript> is the javascript expression or function that will return a boolean value (can be in DocString position)

    • For a one liner expression, no function, arrow declaration or return prefix is required
    • For a function, use either:

      • Arrow syntax (preferred): () => { body } (Since v3.56.0)
      • Or anonymous function syntax (legacy): (function(){ body })()

Example

 Given the heading can be located by tag "h1"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/start"
And I wait until "!!$('h1')"
Then the heading should be "Welcome to our Script Challenge"
I wait until "<filepath>" file[ not] exists

Waits until a file exists (or not). The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the file
  • not to wait until the file does not exist (negation)

Examples

   Then I wait until "path/to/filename1.csv" file exists
And I wait until "path/to/filename2.csv" file not exists
I wait until "<filepath>" file does not exist

Waits until a file does not exist. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the file

Examples

    And I wait until "path/to/filename2.csv" file does not exist
I wait until <filepathRef file>[ not] exists

Waits until a file exists (or not). The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file
  • not to wait until the file does not exist (negation)

Examples

  Given my file is "path/to/filename.csv""
Then I wait until my file exists
And I wait until my file not exists
I wait until <filepathRef file> does not exist

Waits until a file does not exist. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file

Examples

  Given my file is "path/to/filename.csv""
And I wait until my file does not exist
I wait until "<filepath>" file is[ not] empty

Waits until a file is empty. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the file
  • not to wait until the file is not empty (negation)

Examples

   Then I wait until "path/to/filename1.csv" file is empty
And I wait until "path/to/filename2.csv" file is not empty
I wait until <filepathRef file> is[ not] empty

Waits until a file is empty. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file
  • not to wait until the file is not empty (negation)

Examples

  Given my file is "path/to/filename.csv""
Then I wait until my file is empty
And I wait until my file is not empty
I wait until <condition>

Waits until a condition is satisfied. The default timeout period is equal to the configured gwen.web.wait.seconds setting value. The default timeout can be overridden using the @Timeout annotation.

Where

  • <condition> is either:

    • Since v3.54.0

      • the name of any binding that will return true when the condition is satisfied or false when it is not
    • Or in prior versions

      • the name of a binding containing a javascript function or expression that will return true when the condition is satisfied or false when it is not
      • the name of a binding containing a true or false value literal, since v3.50.0

Example

 Given the heading can be located by tag "h1"
And the heading is displayed is defined by javascript "!!$('h1')"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/start"
And I wait until the heading is displayed
Then the heading should be "Welcome to our Script Challenge"
I wait <duration> second[s]

Sleeps for the given number of seconds.

Where

  • <duration> is the number of seconds to sleep
  • Include trailing s when specifying a <duration> that is not 1, omit otherwise

Example

  When I wait for 5 seconds

JS execution

I execute <javascript|js> "<script>"

Executes a JavaScript expression or function.

Where

  • <javascript|js> is javascript (or js since v2.46.0)
  • <script> is the javascript expression or function to execute (can be in DocString position)

    • For a one liner expression, no function, arrow declaration or return prefix is required
    • For a function, use either:

      • Arrow syntax (preferred): () => { body } (Since v3.56.0)
      • Or anonymous function syntax (legacy): (function(){ body })()

Example

  When I execute js "alert('Hello Gwen World')"

System process execution

I execute system process "<expression>"

Executes a local system process or script.

Where

  • <expression> is the system process or script to execute

Example

  When I execute system process "echo 'Hello Gwen World'"
And I execute system process "path/to/script.bat"
I execute system process "<expression>" delimited by "<delimiters>"

Executes a delimited local system process or script.

Where

  • <expression> the delimited system process to execute

    • Delmiters are required for special cases such as when unbalanced quoted strings are passed as arguments (see example).
  • <delmiters> is a regex pattern defining the delimiter(s) used in <expression>

Example

  When I execute system process "echo,"quoted text " and orphan quote"" delimited by ","
I execute a unix system process "<expression>"

or since v3.14.2

I execute unix system process "<expression>"

Executes a local unix system process or shell script.

Where

  • <expression> is the system process or script to execute

Example

  When I execute a unix system process "echo 'Hello Gwen World'"
And I execute a unix system process "./path/to/script.sh"
I execute unix system process "<expression>" delimited by "<delimiters>"

Executes a delimited local unix system process or script.

Where

  • <expression> the delimited system process to execute

    • Delmiters are required for special cases such as when unbalanced quoted strings are passed as arguments (see example).
  • <delmiters> is a regex pattern defining the delimiter(s) used in <expression>

Example

  When I execute a unix system process "echo,"quoted text " and orphan quote"" delimited by ","

SQL execution

<name> is defined in the <dbName> database by sql "<selectStmt>"

Associates the result of an SQL database query to the given name in the global scope. The value is resolved every time the name is referenced.

Where

  • <name> is the name to bind the SQL query result to
  • <dbName> the name of the configured database to execute the query on
  • <selectStmt> is the SQL query that will return the value to assign (can be in DocString position)

Configuration

  • The GWEN_CLASSPATH environment variable must be set to include a path to the JDBC driver JAR
  • A gwen.db.<dbName>.driver setting must be set to the name of the JDBC driver implementation class
  • A gwen.db.<dbName>.url setting must be set to the JDBC URL of the database

Optionally accepts the @Eager, @Lazy or @Masked annotations.

  • @Eager immediately evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name>
  • @Lazy evaluates the <expression> and binds the result to <name> when it is first referenced
  • In the absence of either of the above annotations, <expression> is evaluated every time <name> is referenced
  • @Masked masks the captured value to prevent it from being logged as clear text

Example

  Given the email address is defined in the feedback database by sql
"""
select email from comments
"""
Then the email address should be "some.person@example.com"

Set GWEN_CLASSPATH variable in the environment to include the JDBC driver JAR

export GWEN_CLASSPATH=/path-to-driver/mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar

Configure the database in your settings. In this example, <dbName>=feedback

gwen.db.feedback.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
gwen.db.feedback.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost/feedback?user=myUser&amp;password=myPassword&amp;
I update the <dbName> database by sql "<updateStmt>"

Executes an SQL udpate statement on a configured database.

Where

  • <dbName> the name of the configured database to run the update statement on
  • <updateStmt> is the SQL update statement to execute (can be in DocString position)

Returns

  • <dbName> rows affected = the number of rows affected by the update

Configuration

  • The GWEN_CLASSPATH environment variable must be set to include a path to the JDBC driver JAR
  • A gwen.db.<dbName>.driver setting must be set to the name of the JDBC driver implementation class
  • A gwen.db.<dbName>.url setting must be set to the JDBC URL of the database

Example

  When I update the feedback database by sql
"""
update comments set email='new@example.com' where email='old@example.com'
"""
Then feedback rows affected should be "1"

Set GWEN_CLASSPATH variable in the environment to include the JDBC driver JAR

export GWEN_CLASSPATH=/path-to-driver/mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar

Configure the database in your settings. In this example, <dbName>=feedback

gwen.db.feedback.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
gwen.db.feedback.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost/feedback?user=myUser&amp;password=myPassword&amp;

Assertions

Text asserts

<textRef> should[ not] be <blank|empty>

Checks whether or not the text reference matches a blank or empty string. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<textRef> should[ not] be <blank|empty>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <textRef> should[ not] be blank


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <textRef> should[ not] be blank

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to check

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • not negates the match if included
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
And my todo list can be located by css ".todo-list"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter "Get the milk" in the todo field
And I capture my todo list as current items
Then current items should not be empty

Trimming (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
<textRef> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Checks whether or not the text reference matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<textRef> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <textRef> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <textRef> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing the text to check

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expression> is the expression to match (can be in DocString position)
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
And my todo list can be located by css ".todo-list"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter "Get the milk" in the todo field
And I capture my todo list as current items
Then current items should contain "Get the milk"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
<textRef> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Checks whether or not the value of a variable or setting matches a referenced expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<textRef> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <textRef> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <textRef> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Where

  • <variable> is the name of the variable or setting to check
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expressionRef> is the name of the binding containing the expression to match

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an expression value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
And my todo list can be located by css ".todo-list"
And my item is "Feed the cat"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter my item in the todo field
And I capture my todo list as current items
Then current items should contain my item

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
<textRef> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to "<text>"

Compares a text reference with a text value for similarity using the DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient) algorithm.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<textRef> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to "<text>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <textRef> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to "<text>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <textRef> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to "<text>"

Where

  • <textRef> is the name of the binding containing a text reference

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • not negates the match if included
  • match is one of:

    • be for exact match
    • be less than for less than match
    • be at most for less than or equal to match
    • be more than for greater than match
    • be at least for greater than or equal to match
  • <text> is the text to compare <textRef> against
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

The calculated similarity score is implicity bound to the similarity score attribute in the global scope.

Examples

  Given the phrase is "Hello world!"
Then the phrase should be more than 90% similar to "Hello world"
And @IgnoreCase the phrase should be at least 90% similar to "hello world"
And the phrase should be 94.12% similar to "Hello world"
And @IgnoreCase the phrase should be 94.12% similar to "hello world"
And the phrase should be 82.35% similar to "hello world"
And the phrase should not be less than 90% similar to "Hello world"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
<textRef1> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to <textRef2>

Compares a text reference with another for similarity using the DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient) algorithm.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<textRef1> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to <textRef2>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <textRef1> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to <textRef2>


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <textRef1> should[ not] <match> <percentage>% similar to <textRef2>

Where

  • <textRef1> is the name of the binding containing the first text reference

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • not negates the match if included
  • match is one of:

    • be for exact match
    • be less than for less than match
    • be at most for less than or equal to match
    • be more than for greater than match
    • be at least for greater than or equal to match
  • <percentage> is a percentage number between 0 and 100 (internally rounded to 2 decimal places)
  • <textRef2> is the name of the binding containing the second text reference to compare <textRef1> against

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

The calculated similarity score is implicity bound to the similarity score attribute in the global scope.

Examples

  Given phrase 1 is "Hello world!"
And phrase 2 is "Hello world"
And phrase 3 is "hello world"
Then phrase 1 should be more than 90% similar to phrase 2
And @IgnoreCase phrase 1 should be at least 90% similar to phrase 2
And phrase 1 should be 94.12% similar to phrase 2
And @IgnoreCase phrase 1 should be 94.12% similar to phrase 3
And phrase 1 should be 82.35% similar to phrase 3
And phrase 1 should not be less than 90% similar to phrase 2

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing

File asserts

"<filepath>" file should[ not] exist

Assers that a file should exist (or not).

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the file to check
  • notto check that the file does not exist (negation)

Example

   Then "path/to/existing.txt" file should exist
And "path/to/missing.txt" file should not exist
<filepathRef file> should[ not] exist

Assers that a file should exist (or not).

Where

  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file to check
  • notto check that the file does not exist (negation)

Example

  Given my existing file is "path/to/existing.txt"
And my missing file is "path/to/missing.txt"
Then my existing file should exist
Then my missing file should not exist
"<filepath>" file should[ not] be empty

Assers that a file should be empty (or not).

Where

  • <filepath> the path to the file to check
  • notto check that the file is not empty (negation)

Example

   Then "path/to/empty.txt" file should be empty
And "path/to/populated.txt" file should not be empty
<filepathRef file> should[ not] be empty

Assers that a file should be empty (or not).

Where

  • <filepathRef file> is the name of the binding containing the path of the file to check
  • notto check that the file is not empty (negation)

Example

  Given my empty file is "path/to/empty.txt"
And my populated file is "path/to/populated.txt"
Then my empty file should be empty
Then my populated file should not be empty

XML asserts

<xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] be <blank|empty>

Extracts text from the referenced XML value using the given XPath and checks whether or not it matches a blank or empty string. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] be blank  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] be blank


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] be blank

Where

  • <xmlRef> is the name of the binding containing the XML source text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an XML text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • path is the XPath selector expression
  • not negates the match if included
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the xml is "<result><status>passed</status></result>"
Then the xml at xpath "//result/status" should not be blank

Trimming (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
<xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Extracts text from the referenced XML value using the given XPath and checks that it matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <xmlRef> at xpath "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Where

  • <xmlRef> is the name of the binding containing the XML source text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an XML text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • path is the XPath selector expression
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expression> is the expression to match
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the xml is "<result><status>passed</status></result>"
Then the xml at xpath "//result/status" should be "passed"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing

JSON asserts

<jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] be <blank|empty>

Extracts text from the referenced JSON value using the given JSON path and checks whether or not it matches a blank or empty string. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] be blank  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] be blank


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] be blank

Where

  • <jsonRef> is the name of the binding containing the JSON source text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a JSON text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • path is the JSON path selector expression
  • not negates the match if included
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

    Given the json is "{ "status": "passed" }"
Then the json at json path "$.status" should not be blank

Trimming (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
<jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Extracts text from the referenced JSON value using the given JSON path and checks that it matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <jsonRef> at json path "<path>" should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Where

  • <jsonRef> is the name of the binding containing the JSON source text

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to a JSON text value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • path is the JSON path selector expression
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expression> is the expression to match
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

    Given the json is "{ "status": "passed" }"
Then the json at json path "$.status" should be "passed"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing

URL asserts

the current URL should[ not] be <blank|empty>

Checks whether or not the current browser URL matches a blank or empty string. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the current URL should[ not] be blank  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') the current URL should[ not] be blank


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') the current URL should[ not] be blank

Where

  • not negates the match if included
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then the current URL should not be blank

Trimming (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
the current URL should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Checks whether or not the current browser URL matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the current URL should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') the current URL should[ not] <match> "<expression>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') the current URL should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Where

  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expression> is the expression to match (can be in DocString position)
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then the current URL should contain "todomvc.com"
And the current URL should not contain "other.com"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
the current URL should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Checks whether or not the current URL in the browser matches a referenced expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the current URL should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') the current URL should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') the current URL should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Where

  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expressionRef> is the name of the binding containing the expression to match

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an expression value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given my domain is "todomvc.com"
And some other domain is "someother.com"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then the current URL should contain my domain
And the current URL should not contain some other domain

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing

Page title asserts

the page title should[ not] be <blank|empty>

Checks whether or not the title of the current page matches a blank or empty string. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the page title should[ not] be blank  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') the page title should[ not] be blank


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') the page title should[ not] be blank

Where

  • not negates the match if included
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then the page title should not be blank

Trimming (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
the page title should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Checks whether or not the title of the current page in the browser matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the page title should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') the page title should[ not] <match> "<expression>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') the page title should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Where

  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON path match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expression> is the expression to match (can be in DocString position)
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then the page title should contain "TodoMVC"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
the page title should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Checks whether or not the title of the current page in the browser matches a referenced expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the page title should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') the page title should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') the page title should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Where

  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON path match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expressionRef> is the name of the binding containing the expression to match

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an expression value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the app name is "TodoMVC"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then the page title should contain the app name

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing

Element asserts

<element> should[ not] be <state>

Checks whether or not an element is in a given state.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<element> should[ not] be <state>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <element> should[ not] be <state>


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <element> should[ not] be <state>

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to check
  • not negates the state if included
  • <state> is one of:

    • displayed to check if the element is displayed
    • hidden to check if the element is not displayed
    • checked (or ticked since v2.4.0) to check if a checkbox is ticked
    • unchecked (or unticked since v2.4.0) to check if a checkbox is not ticked
    • enabled to check if the element is enabled
    • disabled to check if the element is disabled
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given my todo list can be located by css ".todo-list"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then my todo list should be empty
<element> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Checks whether or not the text value of an element matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<element> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <element> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <element> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to check
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expression> is the expression to match (can be in DocString position)
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
And my todo list can be located by css ".todo-list"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter "Get the milk" in the todo field
Then my todo list should contain "Get the milk"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
<element> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Checks whether or not the text value of an element matches a referenced expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<element> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <element> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <element> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Where

  • <element> is the name of the element to check
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expressionRef> is the name of the binding containing the expression to match

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an expression value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the todo field can be located by class "new-todo"
And my todo list can be located by css ".todo-list"
And my item is "Feed the cat"
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I enter my item in the todo field
Then my todo list should contain my item

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
<dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] be <blank|empty>

Checks whether or not a dropdown selection matches a blank or empty string. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] be blank  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] be blank


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] be blank

Where

  • <dropdown> is the dropdown element to check
  • <text|value> is one of:

    • text to check the displayed text of the selection
    • value to check the option value of the selection
  • not negates the match if included
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I select the 2nd option in the age dropdown
Then the age dropdown value should not be blank

Trimming (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
<dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Checks whether or not a dropdown selection matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Where

  • <dropdown> is the dropdown element to check
  • <text|value> is one of:

    • text to check the displayed text of the selection
    • value to check the option value of the selection
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expression> is the expression to match (can be in DocString position)
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I select the 2nd option in the age dropdown
Then the age dropdown value should be "18"

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing
<dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Checks whether or not a dropdown selection matches a referenced expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

<dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') <dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') <dropdown> <text|value> should[ not] <match> <expressionRef>

Where

  • <dropdown> is the dropdown element to check
  • <text|value> is one of:

    • text to check the displayed text of the selection
    • value to check the option value of the selection
  • not negates the match if included
  • <match> is the type of match to perform, one of:

    • be for exact match
    • contain for partial match
    • start with for partial leading match
    • end with for partial trailing match
    • match regex for regex match
    • match xpath for XML match
    • match json path for JSON match, since v1.4.0
    • match template for template match, since v2.16.0
    • match template file for template file match, since v2.16.0
  • <expressionRef> is the name of the binding containing the expression to match

    • Can be the name of any binding that contains or resolves to an expression value, including a web element in which case the text in the element will be dynamically retrieved and used.
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the age dropdown can be located by id "challenger_age"
And my age is "18"
When I navigate to "https://challengers.flood.io/step/2"
And I select the 2nd option in the age dropdown
Then the age dropdown value should be my age

Trimming and ignoring case (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
  • The @IgnoreCase annotation can be used on step to ignore case when comparing

Browser asserts

I should have 1 open browser

Checks that only one browser session is currently open. Reports an assertion error if not.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

I should have 1 open browser  @Message("my custom assert fail message")

Example

 Given I have no open browser
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
Then I should have 1 open browser
I should have <count> open browsers

Checks that a given number of browsers are currently open. Reports an assertion error if not.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

I should have <count> open browsers  @Message("my custom assert fail message")

Where

  • count the expected number of open browsers

Example

 Given I have no open browser
When I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/react/dist"
And I start a browser for Vue
And I navigate to "https://todomvc.com/examples/vue"
Then I should have 2 open browsers

Alert and Popup asserts

the <alert|confirmation> popup message should[ not] be <blank|empty>

Checks whether or not the message in the alert or confirmation popup box matches a blank or empty string. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the <alert|confirmation> popup message should[ not] be blank  @Message("my custom assert fail message")


Without any timeout(as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('0s') the <alert|confirmation> popup message should[ not] be blank


With custom timeout (as of v3.73.0):

@Timeout('10s') the <alert|confirmation> popup message should[ not] be blank

Where

  • not negates the match if included
  • <timeoutSecs> is the timeout period in seconds
  • <wait|timeout> is either wait or timeout

Example

  Given the alert button can be located by css ".btn" at index 0
When I navigate to "https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-demo.html"
And I click the alert button
Then the alert popup message should not be blank

Trimming (since v3.62.0)

  • The @Trim annotation can be used on step to trim strings when comparing
the <alert|confirmation> popup message should[ not] <match> "<expression>"

Checks whether or not the message in the alert or confirmation popup box matches a given expression. Reports an assertion error if the match fails.

With custom assertion error message (as of v3.9.0):

the <alert|confirmation> popup message should[ not] <match> "<expression>"  @Message("my custom assert fail message")